Brixton karns biography samples

Abstract

Salmonella is a principal health concern because of its endemic prevalence in food and water supplies, the rise in incidence of multi-drug resistant strains, and the emergence of new strains associated with increased disease severity. Insights into pathogen emergence have come from animal-passage studies wherein virulence is often increased during infection. However, these studies did not address the prospect that a select subset of strains undergo a pronounced increase in virulence during the infective process- a prospect that has significant implications for human and animal health. Our findings indicate that the capacity to become hypervirulent (100-fold decreased LD₅₀) was much more evident in certain S. enterica strains than others. Hyperinfectious salmonellae were among the most virulent of this species; restricted to certain serotypes; and more capable of killing vaccinated animals. Such strains exhibited rapid (and rapidly reversible) switching to a less-virulent state accompanied by more competitive growth ex vivo that may contribute to maintenance in nature. The hypervirulent phenotype was associated with increased microbial pathogenicity (colonization; cytotoxin production; cytocidal activity), coupled with an altered innate immune cytokine response within infected cells (IFN-β; IL-1β; IL-6; IL-10). Gene expression analysis revealed that hyperinfectious strains display altered transcription of genes within the PhoP/PhoQ, PhoR/PhoB and ArgR regulons, conferring changes in the expression of classical virulence functions (e.g., SPI-1; SPI-2 effectors) and those involved in cellular physiology/metabolism (nutrient/acid stress). As hyperinfectious strains pose a potential risk to human and animal health, efforts toward mitigation of these potential food-borne contaminants may avert negative public health impacts and industry-associated losses.

Author Summary

Salmonellosis continues to compromise human health, animal welfare, and modern agr

mardi 9 juillet 1940, Journaux, Sherbrooke, Que. :[Eastern Township Publishing],[1897]-1969
[" WEATHER Fair and -warm.For detailed -weather report see Page Two.i»lifrbrnokp Satlg Kmirîi TEMPERATURES Yesterday: Maximum, £3; minimum, 60.Same day last year; Max., 85; min., 70.Established 1897 SHERBROOKE, QUEBEC, TUESDAY, JULY 9, 1940.Forty-Fourth Year.BRITISH DESTROY PRIDE OF FRENCH WAR FLEET Depth Charges Succeed In Destruction Of New Dreadnaught Richelieu First Lord of the Admiralty Tells House of Commons that 35,000-Ton Vessel Was Rendered Useless in Dakar Harbor\u2014Depth Charges Dropped by Motorboat Under Stern of Warcraft\u2014Ship, Recently Completed, Believed Most Formidable Unit of French Navy\u2014Minor Damage as Few Casualties Reported in Renewal of German Air Raids on Britain.\t\" ' German Dominated French House Replaces Traditional Republic With Fascist Corporate State WOULD INVOLVE GERMAN CONSUL IN ESPIONAGE London, July 9.\u2014®\u2014The battleship Richelieu, one of France's newest dreadnaughts, has been blasted by British depth charges at Dakar, A.V.Alexander, First Lord of the Admiralty, informed the House of Commons today.The 35,000-ton Richelieu is down by the stern and listing to port, Mr.Alexander announced.Attack by depth charges yesterday was made after the French failed to reply to British conditions.Mr.Alexander disclosed that the Royal Navy had engaged in two further operations since its at-*- tack July 3 on French units at Oran to ensure that France\u2019s fleet be kept from German and Italian hands.Seven French capital ships now-have been accounted for, he declared.The depth charges which crippled the Richelieu were dropped from a motorboat close under the stern to damage propellers and steering gear,\u201d Mr.Alexander said, while aircraft

In 1876 the renowned American long-distance pedestrian Edward Payson Weston travelled to Britain to challenge local sportsmen and to raise his transatlantic sporting profile. In February, wearing his distinctive athletic outfit of knickerbockers, leather leggings and walking boots that ‘reach[ed] above the ankle’, he attempted a walk of 115 miles in twenty-four hours around a track in the Royal Agricultural Hall in Islington, London. This race is relatively well known in the history of sport, used to demonstrate increasing internationalism, or perhaps increasing professionalization, in sport, both taken as symptoms of modernity. My argument is that Weston’s walk should be allowed to intrude on other histories too: he was part of an international debate about science, and a national debate about the relationship between the state and its citizens, which embroiled chemists, physiologists, physicists, doctors and social reformers for years. This iteration of the debate had been sparked in earnest a little over a decade earlier, in 1865, when two German researchers climbed the Faulhorn, one of a ring of mountains in the Bernese Alps, eating only fried starch paste, drinking only sugary tea and meticulously collecting their urine.

Following the path from the Faulhorn to the Royal Agricultural Hall leads us through the first encounters between modern sports and modern, largely biomedical, sciences. Current historical writing portrays this connection as either non-existent or essentially antagonistic. This article takes a contrary position, demonstrating instead how nineteenth-century science and sport came together in mutually beneficial interactions. This process helped to define notions of health, vigour and national identity, as well as solving some crucial scientific puzzles. Here I argue that paying closer attention to actors like Weston shifts our perspective on events like the Royal Agricultural Hall race, and will reveal other important stor