Jean paul sartre biography no exit plays
Jean-Paul Sartre
French existentialist philosopher (1905–1980)
"Sartre" redirects here. For other uses, see Sartre (disambiguation).
Jean-Paul Sartre | |
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Sartre in 1965 | |
| Born | Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (1905-06-21)21 June 1905 Paris, France |
| Died | 15 April 1980(1980-04-15) (aged 74) Paris, France |
| Education | École normale supérieure (BA, MA) |
| Partner | Simone de Beauvoir (1929–1980) |
| Awards | Nobel Prize for Literature (1964, declined) |
| Era | 20th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Continental philosophy, existentialism, phenomenology, existential phenomenology,hermeneutics,Western Marxism, anarchism, anarcho-pacifism |
Main interests | Metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, consciousness, self-consciousness, literature, political philosophy, ontology |
Notable ideas | Bad faith, "existence precedes essence", nothingness, "Hell is other people", situation, transcendence of the ego ("every positional consciousness of an object is a non-positional consciousness of itself"),the imaginary, Sartrean terminology |
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, US also;French:[saʁtʁ]; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. Sartre was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism (and phenomenology). His work has influenced sociology, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and literary studies. He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature despite attempting to refuse it, saying that he always declined official honors and that "a writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution."
Sartre held an open relationship with prominent feminist and fellow existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir. Togethe Jean-Paul Sartre was born on June 21, 1905, to Jean-Baptiste Sartre, an officer of the French Navy, and Anne-Marie. His father passed away from a communicable disease while on tour when Sartre was still an infant. In his early preteen years, his mother moved them to La Rochelle. Sartre was short, pimply, and blind in one eye. As a new student, this made him a target for bullies. With the difficulty of making friends plus the absence of a father, Sarte was inclined to spend time alone reading and introspecting. His maternal grandfather introduced him to classical literature, and he subsequently developed a fondness for reading. His exposure to a variety of literature at such a young age inspired him to write in many modes, including novels, essays, plays, and scripts for film. Jean-Paul Sartre excelled in grammar school and attended the University of Paris, a prestigious system of colleges. After college, he taught in lycées to earn a living. Lycée - the name of the system for secondary schools in France World War II broke out in Europe in 1939, and Jean-Paul Sartre was drafted into the French Army. He was captured and held as a prisoner of war once Nazi Germany invaded and occupied France. Sarte became concerned about how the occupation was normalized in daily life. He wrote essays published in French newspapers and journals describing the polite and correct behavior of the German soldiers, which made it very easy to be complicit with them, with the simplest acts of helping with directions or saying hello. The power of the occupying forces and their ever-present watch influenced Sartre's philosophy and contributed to the underlying ideas in No Exit. Sartre loved his cigarettes and was rarely seen without one. Wikimedia . The play begins with Joseph Garcin in a room with the Valet. It's simply furnished yet has no windows or mirrors. Joseph remarks to the 1944 play by Jean-Paul Sartre For other uses, see No Exit (disambiguation). "Hell is other people" redirects here. For other uses, see Hell Is Other People (disambiguation). Cover of the Vintage edition No Exit (French: Huis clos, pronounced[ɥiklo]) is a 1944 existentialist French play by Jean-Paul Sartre. The play was first performed at the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in May 1944. The play centers around a depiction of the afterlife in which three deceased characters are punished by being locked into a room together for eternity. It is the source of Sartre's especially famous phrase "L'enfer, c'est les autres" or "Hell is other people", a reference to Sartre's ideas about the look and the perpetual ontological struggle of being caused to see oneself as an object from the view of another consciousness. English translations have also been performed under the titles In Camera, No Way Out, Vicious Circle, Behind Closed Doors, and Dead End. The original title, Huis clos ('closed door'), is the French equivalent of the legal term in camera (from Latin, 'in a chamber'), referring to a private discussion behind closed doors. Three damned souls, Joseph Garcin, Inèz Serrano, and Estelle Rigault, are brought to the same room in Hell and locked inside by a mysterious valet. They had all expected torture devices to punish them for eternity, but instead, find a plain room furnished in the style of the French "Second Empire". At first, none of them will admit the reason for their damnation: Garcin says that he was executed for being an outspoken pacifist, while Estelle insists that a mistake has been made; Inèz, however, is the only one to demand that they all stop lying to themselves and confess to their moral crimes. She refuses to believe that they have all ended u JEAN-PAUL SARTRE 1944 AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY PLOT SUMMARY CHARACTERS THEMES STYLE HISTORICAL CONTEXT CRITICAL OVERVIEW CRITICISM SOURCES FURTHER READING Jean-Paul Sartre’s No Exit is considered by many to be the author’s best play and most accessible dramatization of his philosophy of existentialism. Sartre wrote the original draft in two weeks at the Cafe Flore in Paris. Titled Huis clos in the original French, it was first produced in Paris’s Vieux-Colombier Theater. At the time, during World War II, this part of France was occupied by Nazi Germany. Sartre deliberately wrote No Exit as a one-act play so that theater-goers would not be kept past the German-imposed curfew. Many forms of entertainment, including plays, had to be approved by German censors. During rehearsals, clearance to perform the play was given and taken away several times. Despite such setbacks, No Exit opened in the spring of 1944, and it was an immediate success. The original production played in Paris for several years, even after the war ended and Paris was liberated. Parisian audiences appreciated Sartre’s subtle message of resistance and implied subversiveness. Critics, however, gave it mixed reviews, mostly because of the social and political climate of the time. The fact that Inez was a lesbian was an extremely controversial point for both audiences and critics alike. No Exit was translated into English (and is sometimes known as Behind Closed Doors), and made its Broadway debut in 1947. In general, American audiences were not as appreciative as their European counterparts. Some critics did not know what to make of the play and its themes. Others thought that the play stretched the fundamental concept to its breaking point. Still, most appreciated the clever concept: three people confined to a drawing room as their punishment in hell. Despite these mixed reviews, No Exit was voted the Best Foreign Play in New York in 1946. Jean-Paul Sar No Exit's Author Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Sartre's No Exit: Summary
No Exit
No Exit Written by Jean-Paul Sartre Characters Plot
No Exit
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY