Bertolt brecht biography zusammenfassung die bezeichnung emigranten
Intellektuelle Exilanten in Österreich -- österreichische Sozialwissenschaftler im Exil
Zusammenfassung
Unterscheidet man zwischen Exil und Emigration, dann meint ersteres den unfreiwilligen Aufenthalt politischer Gegner eines Regimes in einem Drittland, aus welchem die Exilanten nach Überwindung des feindlichen Regimes ins Herkunftsland, die Heimat, zurückkehren wollen. Emigration steht hingegen für mehr oder weniger freiwillige Wanderungsbewegungen ohne Rückkehrabsicht (was Rückwanderung nicht ausschließt). So betrachtet gab es während der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts einige Exilanten, die vorübergehend in Wien Zuflucht fanden und einige wenige Sozialwissenschaftler und Sozialwissenschaftlerinnen, die in den 1930er-Jahren aus Österreich ins Exil gingen, aber eine deutlich größere Zahl von Emigranten.
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Notes
- 1.
Im österreichischen Rundfunk wurde von 1952 bis 1978 eine Sendung ausgestrahlt, die tatsächlich „Achtung, Achtung Sprachpolizei“ hieß. Die mehreren hundert ausgestrahlten Sendungen verweisen auf die Popularität dieser Art von Weltverbesserung.
- 2.
Bertolt Brecht, Über die Bezeichnung Emigranten, Svendborger Gedichte Brecht (1967), Bd. 9, S. 718.
- 3.
Bertolt Brecht, Flüchtlingsgespräche, Brecht (1967), Bd. 14, S. 1440. Der genannte Geldwert entspricht heute ca. € 76.000.
- 4.
Jeremy Adelman (2013, S. 176) verdanken wir den Hinweis darauf, dass Albert Hirschman als angeblich lettischer Staatsbürger in die USA einreiste und diesen Status bis zur Erlangung der US-Staatsbürgerschaft beibehielt.
- 5.
Vermutlich gelangte Brecht selbst wenige Jahre später mit einem Non-Quota-Immigration Visum in die USA. Schon ein halbes Jahr nach seiner Einreise beantragte er die amerikanische Staatsbürgerschaft, aber als Beweis für die „Wahl eines anderen Landes“ hätte das Brecht wohl nicht durchgehen lassen wollen. Vgl. seinen FBI Akt: https://vault.fbi.gov/Bertolt%20Brecht%20/Bertolt%20Brecht%20Part%201%20of%2
Volume 32 June 2003
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- Bertolt Brecht, 10.02.1898 - 14.08.1956;
- Unterscheidet man zwischen Exil und Emigration,
Bertolt Brechts Dramatic Theory Studies in German Literature and Culture [167270]
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How does this essay fare more than half a century after its publication? I still share its attitude and horizon. However, after so much has changed in the world and how we understand it, I would today wish for more precision anent some strategic terms; an approximation to them is found in my later work listed in "My Brecht". For example, I have subsumed the merely visual denotation of terms like "(world) view, viewing, look" under Brecht's much more useful term Haltung (stance, approach, attitude) that includes the whole body. Also, I would today talk much less about ethics and much more about politics in Aristotle's sense of regula