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Genetic manipulation of cardiac ageing
Abstract
Ageing in humans is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. We still do not fully understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning this correlation. However, a number of insights into which genes control cardiac ageing have come from studying hearts of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The fly's simple heart tube has similar molecular structure and basic physiology to the human heart. Also, both fly and human hearts experience significant age‐related morphological and functional decline. Studies on the fly heart have highlighted the involvement of key nutrient sensing, ion channel and sarcomeric genes in cardiac ageing. Many of these genes have also been implicated in ageing of the mammalian heart. Genes that increase oxidative stress, or are linked to cardiac hypertrophy or neurodegenerative diseases in mammals also affect cardiac ageing in the fruit fly. Moreover, fly studies have demonstrated the potential of exercise and statins to treat age‐related cardiac disease. These results show the value of Drosophila as a model to discover the genetic causes of human cardiac ageing.
Introduction
The prevalence of cardiac disease significantly increases with age in humans and is the leading cause of death worldwide (Moran et al. 2014). Billions of dollars are spent each year treating patients with heart disease. Therefore, there is much interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that underpin the development of cardiac disease in ageing humans. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a useful model of cardiac ageing because it is the most genetically tractable animal model with a heart. The fly heart, like the human heart, shows a number of functional and morphological changes with age. Also, there is significant homology between the genes that control development and adult function in human and fly hearts (Adams et al. 2000; Rubin et al. 2000).
Jeremy Sisto
Full Name:
Jeremy Merton Sisto
Date of Birth:
October 6, 1974 (age 41)
Place of Birth:
Grass Valley, California, U.S.
Occupation:
Actor, Producer, Writer
From 2011 until its ending in 2014, he starred as George Altman in the ABC sitcom Suburgatory, for which he was nominated for aCritics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series. Sisto co-wrote the screenplay for the comedy film Break Point (2014) in which he also starred. In 2015, he starred in A&E's The Returned, an adaptation of the French series of the same name.
Early life[]
Sisto was born in Grass Valley, California, the son of Reedy Gibbs, an actress, and Richard "Dick" Sisto, a jazz musician and educator. Sisto has an older sister, Meadow Sisto, who is an actress mostly known for playing Caroline in the 1992 film Captain Ron. Sisto's parents divorced and his father was remarried to fabric artist Penny Sisto. Sisto lived with his mother and sister, and has said that his father's absence made parenting his own son more difficult. He was raised in the lower Sierra Nevada Mountains, before moving American actor (born 1974) Jeremy Sisto Sisto in 2018 Jeremy Merton Sisto Grass Valley, California, U.S. Marisa Ryan Addie Lane Jeremy Merton Sisto (born October 6, 1974) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Billy Chenowith in HBO's Six Feet Under, NYPD Detective Cyrus Lupo in NBC's Law & Order, George Altman in the ABC sitcom Suburgatory, for which he was nominated for a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series, and Jubal Valentine in the CBS drama series FBI. He has appeared in such films as Clueless (1995), Suicide Kings (1997), Jesus (1999), Thirteen (2003), and Waitress (2007). In 2004, he portrayed bigoted baseball player Shane Mungitt in Take Me Out, for which he was nominated for a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for Featured Performance in a Play. In 2006, Sisto starred in Festen on Broadway. Sisto co-wrote the screenplay for the comedy film Break Point (2014), in which he also starred. In 2015, he starred in A&E's The Returned. From 2016 to 2018, Sisto portrayed Freddy Green in the Audience Network drama series Ice. Jeremy Sisto was born in Grass Valley, California, the son of Reedy Gibbs, an actress, and Richard "Dick" Sisto, a jazz musician and educator. Sisto has an older sister, Meadow Sisto, who is an actress mostly known for playing Caroline in the 1992 film Captain Ron. Sisto's parents divorced and his father then married fabric artist Penny Sisto. Sisto lived with his mother and sister and has said that his father's absence made parenting his own son more difficult. He Daughter of Richard "Dick" Sisto (a jazz musician) and Reedy Gibbs (an actress); sister of Jeremy Sisto (an actor and producer); married Michael Roberts,2002. Addresses: Agent: Michael Greene, Michael Greene and Associates,7080 Hollywood Blvd., Suite 1017, Hollywood, CA 90028.Jeremy Sisto
Born
(1974-10-06) October 6, 1974 (age 50)Occupations Years active 1991–present Spouses Children 2 Relatives Meadow Sisto (sister) Early life
Meadow Sisto Biography ((?)-)
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