Zaman shah iran biography
Zaman Shah Durrani
Third Durrani emperor (r. 1793–1801)
Zaman Shah Durrani, or Zaman Shah Abdali (Persian: زمان شاہ درانی; 1767 – 1844) was the third King of the Durrani Empire from 1793 until 1801. An ethnic Pashtun of the Sadozai clan, Zaman Shah was the grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani and the fifth son of Timur Shah Durrani.
Early years
Zaman Shah was born as the son of Timur Shah Durrani. The year of his birth is disputed however. Fayz Muhammad gives 1767 as his year of birth, while Noelle-Karimi gives the year as 1770. Zaman Shah had always wanted to follow his father, Timur Shah Durrani with his conquests in Punjab, however Timur Shah Durrani did not allow it, and Zaman Shah very early grew interests of being like his grandfather, Ahmad Shah Durrani, as a child he had dreamt of conquering Hindustan, but to no avail, as his father did not allow Zaman Shah to accompany him on his campaigns. Zaman Shah Durrani took the Durrani throne in 1793 after his father's death.
Reign
Opposition
When Zaman had taken the throne, he was opposed by many of his brothers, among whom were Mahmud Shah Durrani and Humayun who had their respective regional zones of influence. To deal with these claims over succession, an election was held in Kabul over who the next Durrani ruler would be, Abbas Mirza was a running candidate and would have taken the vote if the election was held right after Timur Shah Durrani's death, however with the given time, Barakzai tribal leaders and Zaman's influence had by then grew, allowing him to receive the popular vote and become the ruler, specifically supported by Chief Payandah Khan.
Securing the throne
Having now been declared King of the Durrani Empire and recognized by all but his brothers, he led his brothers to Kabul, where he imprisoned his opposing brothers. He implicated a diet to starve his brothers, with a diet of two to three ounces of bread each day, with the effect, the Nationalism, an intricate and multifaceted phenomenon, stands as a pivotal force in shaping the identity and history of nations across the globe. Beyond mere political allegiance, nationalism intertwines cultural, social, and economic dimensions, forming a complex tapestry that reflects the aspirations and trajectories of societies. Iran, a nation steeped in millennia of history, bears witness to this intricate interplay of nationhood, where myriad factors have converged to craft its distinct national identity. This paper embarks on an insightful exploration into the complex terrain of Iranian nationalism, seeking to address fundamental questions: What are the primary factors that shape Iranian identity? How have these diverse factors influenced the multifaceted construct of Iranian national identity over time? Furthermore, how can these factors be effectively categorized and understood? An apt analogy for understanding Iranian nationalism is found in the classic Sufi tale of the blind men and the elephant. Much like the blind men who touch different parts of the elephant and perceive it differently, Iranian nationalism encompasses a multitude of elements and shaping factors that collaboratively define its essence. Therefore, to comprehensively understand this intricate phenomenon, it is imperative to dissect nationalism into its constituent parts, examining each segment individually before weaving them back together. To accomplish this, the paper employs a systematic review approach, categorizing a wide range of existing scholarship on Iranian nationalism into five distinct viewpoints. Through this review, the strengths and limitations inherent in each of these approaches—each representing a crucial facet of Iranian nationhood—are meticulously examined to enhance our understanding of Iranian national identity. In es "Afghan Empire" redirects here. For the 14th century state, see Delhi Sultanate. 1747–1823 Afghan empire founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani For the Durrani dynasty, see Durrani dynasty. For other uses, see Durrani (disambiguation). The Durrani Empire, colloquially known as the Afghan Empire, or the Sadozai Kingdom, was an Afghan empire founded by the Durrani tribe of Pashtuns under Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, which spanned parts of Central Asia, the Iranian plateau, and the Indian subcontinent. At its peak, it ruled over present-day Afghanistan, much of Pakistan, parts of northeastern and southeastern Iran, eastern Turkmenistan, and northwestern India. Next to the Ottoman Empire, the Durrani Empire is considered to be among the most significant Islamic empire of the second half of the 18th century. Ahmad was the son of Muhammad Zaman Khan (an Afghan chieftain of the Abdali tribe) and the commander of Nader Shah Afshar. Following Afshar's death in June 1747, Ahmad secured Afghanistan by taking Kandahar, Ghazni, Kabul, and Peshawar. After his accession as the nation's king, he changed his tribal name from Abdali to Durrani. In 1749, the Mughal Empire had ceded sovereignty over much of northwestern India to the Afghans; Ahmad then set out westward to take possession of Mashhad, which was ruled by the Afsharid dynasty under Shahrokh Shah, who also acknowledged Afghan suzerainty. Subsequently, Ahmad sent an army to subdue the areas north of the Hindu Kush down to the Amu Darya, and in short order, all of the different Afghan tribes began to join his cause. Under Ahmad, the Afghans invaded India on eight occasions, subjugating parts of Kashmir and the majority of Punjab. In early 1757, he sacked Delhi, but permitted Mughal emperor Alamgir II to remain in nominal control as long as he acknowledged Af .The roots and evolution of Iranian nationalism and its historiography
Introduction
Research question
Methodology
Significance of research
Durrani Empire